Impact of COVID-19's supply and demand shocks on the household economy of tilapia smallholder farmer

PurposeThis study aims to verify the impact of the supply shock (fall in harvested output) and demand shock (fall in household income) due to the pandemic on the consumption of necessities and household savings of tilapia's smallholder farmer.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers randomly chose 144 households as research samples using the proportional random sampling technique in Padang Jaya District, North Bengkulu Regency. Researchers collected data on household income, farm losses, household consumption for basic needs, labor demand, use of production inputs, the amount of output sold and saving both during and before the pandemic. The data were collected from the sample using a questionnaire prepared by the researchers. This study used a simultaneous equations system for arranging tilapia's smallholder farmer household economic model.FindingsThis study verified that the demand shock phenomenon makes households more severe than the supply shock phenomenon. The demand shock phenomenon made worse-off tilapia smallholder farmers because it caused their household savings to drop during the pandemic. The fall in savings will disrupt the stability of consumption of household necessities (health, food, education and clothing) in the future.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this study was providing empirical evidence about the impact of the demand and supply shock of COVID-19 on the most vulnerable entities in the Indonesian freshwater aquaculture industry, namely, smallholder farmer households of freshwater aquaculture fish.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-08-2022-0554.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the economy of oil palm smallholder's household income

Purpose>This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the oil palm smallholders' income, which includes both on-farm and off-farm resources.Design/methodology/approach>This study used a simultaneous equations system for arranging the oil palm household economic model.Findings>The results showed that the negative effect of demand disruption (decreasing of household income) is more than supply disruption (production declining). Declining household income due to COVID-19 caused farmer households to have no access to both basic need and other goods.Research limitations/implications>The samples for before-pandemic data differed from the situation during COVID-19 in both the location and the person due to technical constraints in research sites.Originality/value>The main contribution of this study was providing an empirical understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic influences the economic behavior of the most vulnerable entities in the Indonesian palm oil industry (oil palm smallholder farmers' households). This study would provide baseline information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy of oil palm smallholder's household income.

Fatal iliopsoas and rectus sheath hemorrhage in a critically ill patient with COVID-19 on therapeutic anticoagulation.

Pulmonary embolism and thrombosis are two common postmortem findings in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the fact which led experts to include anticoagulants in the standard management of COVID-19. However, at least until now, no guidelines stated the exact safe yet optimal dose of anticoagulants. We report a case of a 65-year-old man admitted to our hospital with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19. He showed remarkable improvement during the first 10 days of treatment at our facility but subsequently developed spontaneous iliopsoas hemorrhage (IPH). We discontinued antithrombotic and anticoagulant agents as soon as we confirmed the IPH from the abdominal computed tomography scan. His condition worsened even after he received adequate blood transfusion sets and eventually developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. Due to the limitation of our hospital, we could not perform stent grafting and angiographic embolization. He finally died 6 days after the occurrence of IPH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of COVID-19 with IPH in Indonesia. As a developing country, many hospitals in Indonesia do not have stent grafting and angiographic embolization. This condition urges the dose recommendation for anticoagulant therapy to provide safe and efficient management for COVID-19.

Poor college students’ resilience phase in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic

After a year of the COVID-19 pandemic online learning remains to be carried out in Indonesia. In this situation college students have to survive with excellent resilience amid various restraints. This study investigates the poor college students’ resilience phase in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the qualitative inquiry narrative method this study involved 30 college students from Universitas Mulawarman as the participants. The participants were selected through the purposive sampling technique and interviewed via phone call. The analysis process was carried out using the induction and deduction process while the analysis was completed based on the field data and referred to the theory in the deduction process. The research results show that college students experience three resilience phases in online learning: survival adaptation and recovery. The survival stage occurs in the initial months of online learning while the adaptation phase occurs in the first six months of online learning. From the tenths month of online learning students have reached the recovery stage. Following this research finding guidance and counseling services in the universities are required to facilitate poor students to enhance their survivability during this pandemic. Selama satu tahun pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia pembelajaran daring masih dilaksanakan dengan berbagai kendala. Kondisi ini membuat mahasiswa harus bertahan di tengah berbagai keterbatasan. Pada kondisi tersebut dibutuhkan resiliensi yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti bagaimana fase resiliensi mahasiswa miskin selama pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian kualitatif inkuiri naratif. Subjek penelitian dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling dengan mewawancarai 30 mahasiswa Universitas Mulawarman melalui telepon. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan proses induksi dan deduksi khas inkuiri naratif dengan tetap berpatokan pada data lapangan namun juga mengacu pada teori sebagai bagian dari proses deduksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa melalui tiga fase dalam menghadapi pembelajaran daring yaitu survival adaptation dan recovery. Masa survival dilalui ketika satu bulan pertama pembelajaran daring. Fase adaptation dilalui ketika telah melalui enam bulan pertama. Di bulan kesepuluh mahasiswa mencapai fase recovery. Temuan ini menghasilkan rekomendasi bahwa perlu ada upaya layanan bimbingan dan konseling di perguruan tinggi untuk memfasilitasi mahasiswa miskin mengembangkan kemampuan bertahan dalam menghadapi pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi.

Psychological Impacts Of Students On Online Learning During The Pandemic COVID-19

The Indonesian government formally enforces rules of study, worship, and work from home from March 16, 2020. Minimizing and limiting meetings involving physical contact is an effort to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. These conditions have implications for the effectiveness of the learning process in higher education. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of student psychology on online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method uses a qualitative research type of phenomenology. The research subjects were 30 students of Mulawarman University who were interviewed via telephone. The research findings show that (1) students have started to get bored with online learning after the first two weeks of learning from home, (2) considerable anxiety on research subjects whose parents have low income, because they have to buy quotas to be able to participate in online learning, ( 3) mood or mood changes occur due to too many assignments and are considered ineffective by students. Suggestions and recommendations from this research are the need for severe efforts in assisting the psychological well-being of students through the involvement of counselors and psychologists.